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Cite from CIA "World Factbook":Ukraine was the center of the first Slavic state, Kievan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe.
Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kievan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The cultural and religious legacy of Kievan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries.
A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years.
During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to bring about a short-lived period of independence (1917-1920), but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died.
In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 to 8 million more deaths.
Although independence was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, true freedom remains elusive, as many of the former Soviet elite remain entrenched, stalling efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.
More info: CIA "World Factbook":Ukraine related links
Ukraine.com - virtual countryUkraine - Lonely Planet Destination
Ukraine International Airlines
Meta Ukraine - Ukrainian meta-search engine
Weather in Ukraine
Ukrainian History
Permanent mission of Ukraine to the United Nations
Ukraine country energy analysis brief
Embassy of the United States of America in Ukraine
the Website Of The British Embassy In Ukraine
The Science & Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU)
Internet Public Library: Ukraine
Ukraine Today - Portal to Ukraine
The European Union relations with Ukraine
Air Ukraine Cargo
Aerosvit Ukraine Air Cargo/
Ukraine News
United Nations in Ukraine
British Council Ukraine
GSM Roaming - Ukraine
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine
Ukraine pages
Ukrainian women: Brides from Ukraine
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Crimea, Ukraine - exclusive photos: | Ai-Petri Mountain || Vorontsov's Palace in Alupka || Bakhchisaray, and Fountain of Tears || Balaklava || Chersoness (Chersonessus, Khersoness), ancient city || Evpatoria || Laspi Bay || Livadia Palace and Organ || Massandra Palace near Yalta || Nikitsky Botanical Gardens || Sevastopol || Yalta |
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